Logistics Terms

A
A.T.October October Decal: A Carnet: A Temporary Import Contract, that is, a customs document that provides for the temporary import and export of cargo between the countries that are parties to trade in accordance with the Istanbul Convention and its annexes, without requesting any additional documents. Thanks to this document, the passage through customs is shortened. The validity period of the document is 1 year.

Agency: Organizations or individuals working on behalf of logistics companies in different regions other than the central organization and providing services to them are called agents.

ADR: These are the standards that define the rules required during the transportation of explosive, flammable or flammable substances belonging to the hazardous substances class on the highway, the documents that vehicles carrying such hazardous substances and the drivers of those vehicles must have.

Transfer: It is the process of loading the cargo on any logistics vehicle to another vehicle in order to ensure its shipment, without being subjected to a physical process.

Buyer: The party that receives the delivery of the cargo within the scope of logistics service.

Warehouse: These are closed or open areas created so that the transported cargo or goods can be kept for a certain period of time if necessary.

Bonded Warehouse: These are closed or open warehouse areas prepared for holding cargo or goods in accordance with customs legislation during the completion of customs clearance.

B
Waiting Period: The period during which the cargo or goods do not physically move within the scope of logistics service.

Declaration Amount: In logistics service, it is the cargo/ product value declared by the sending party.

Block Train (Unit Train): In case of the formation of a load that can fill the entire railway track, it is called allocating the entire track to that load. However, there is an obligation that the said cargo or goods belong to a single company.

C – O
CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor): It is the reflection of fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate on the cost of freight.

CMR Agreement: The road transport document used by the countries that have signed the CMR Agreement in international road logistics.

CMR Road Transport Document (CMR International Consignment Note): A legal document issued on behalf of the buyer by a company providing logistics services in international road logistics; it is a legal document reflecting that the goods or cargo have been delivered in good condition, will be delivered under the specified conditions and that the transport contract has been arranged.

CPT (Carriage Paid To): This is a logistics service process in which the seller of a good or cargo, after paying the cost of the goods and the entire freight cost, delivers them to a logistics company of his own determination, assumes all the transportation costs during the process until they are delivered to the place he determines and to the person he determines.

Cross Docking: The products received from the supplier are separated according to the needs of the customer and shipped to the destination without going through the stocking phase and changing the container.

Check list: This is the package / parcel list showing the weight, size, pieces, parts and numbers of the cargo contained in the cargo, as well as the address and other contact information of the buyer.

D
Distributed Stock: It is the state of keeping the stock of the same material at different points.

Distribution: It is the whole of the operations that must be performed in order for the goods or cargo to be sent to the agreed delivery point at a predetermined time and quantity.

Distribution Network: It is the name given to the system in which all the items such as warehouse, route, point of sale, where a product or cargo will be located during the time period from the point of shipment to the point of delivery during logistics service are defined.

Distribution Channel: This is the name given to all of the connection points in the ongoing flow of the products that enterprises produce or the services they offer from the point of production to the end user.

Distribution Center: This is the name given to the logistics facilities where products from a single supplier or different suppliers are stored, processed with added value, handled, packaged and shipped before moving to the distribution stage.

Warehouse: These are strategically important intermediate points where products are located in the process from the raw material stage to the production stage or from the production stage to the distribution stage. Dec.

Desi: is the word that means volumetric weight in logistics operations. When calculating the freight transportation fee, it is the value obtained by dividing the width, length and height of the three-dimensional packaging such as the safe, parcel, crate, package in which the product is transported by the November 3000 figure after multiplying by each other in centimeters.

Document: The general name of the forms such as invoice, shipment, control document, purchase order, certificate, document used during logistics service.

Dozvola: It is a transit pass document that allows trucks to make transit between countries in international highway logistics. Dec.

E
Electronic Product Code: It is the name given to the code created for the instant and automatic identification and monitoring of a product in the supply chain on a global platform during logistics operations. The electronic product code contains information such as manufacturer information, product type and product serial number.

Handling: It is a term used for all operations such as changing the locations of products located in logistics facilities such as open and closed warehouses, cold storage warehouses, licensed warehouses, warehouses, etc., rearranging their packages by breaking, changing the dimensions of the transport container, checking, labeling, stretching of products.

Commodity: Commodity is the general name given to a basic commodity / product or material such as gold, silver, oil, natural gas, copper, cotton, sugar, etc., which is subject to trade and can be obtained from different manufacturers, usually of uniform quality.

Inventory: A detailed list of all immovable goods belonging to an enterprise, fixtures and inventories in the enterprise.

ETA: This is the estimated date of arrival of a cargo at the delivery point.

Ex Declaration: Export declaration

F
FCA (Free Carrier): This is a type of transport that takes place when the seller, who is in an exporting position, completes all customs procedures of the goods / cargo that will be the subject of logistics and delivers them to the first carrier at a predetermined date and place, with all kinds of internal transportation fees paid. It is used in all kinds of transport types. With the delivery of the cargo to the carrier, all responsibility and risk of the goods are transferred from the seller to the other party.

FIFO: This definition, which consists of the initials of the words First in First Out in English, is used in inventory management to describe that the product that enters the warehouse first will come out first.

Fleet Management: Logistics companies have their own vehicles, equipment, garages, infrastructure services that run logistics processes, such as infrastructure services, properly and without disruption to manage all the equipment is called fleet management.

Forklift: It is the name given to the forked lever used in all handling operations such as loading, unloading, transportation, placement, stacking of goods/cargo in logistics facilities such as open and closed warehouses, cold storage warehouses, warehouses, etc.

Refrigerated Transportation: It is the transportation of fresh and/or frozen foods that are prone to spoilage with special refrigerated vehicles up to -26 degrees Celsius.

G
Size: These are the measurements that determine the length, width and height of vehicles traveling on the highway in order for them to travel safely loaded and/or unloaded.

Hidden Damage: It is a case of understanding that the products in the transport container, which at first did not seem to be damaged, were damaged later.

Shipper: The person or company that requests the transportation of a good or product.

GPRS: It is a technology that allows the data belonging to the cargo to be transferred to the users via the GSM network during the logistics process.

Groupage: It is the case that the transport vehicle used in logistics service is used by more than one customer.

Customs Permit Document: In international trade, it is a legal document indicating that all legal permits have been obtained and that the vehicle can exit freely.

Safe Zone: This is an area reserved for the storage of products or materials that are specially defined for a specific reason.

Route: It is the name given to the route that a person, vehicle, good or service will follow between the predetermined start and end points. Dec.

H
Raw material: It is the name given to the basic material that is largely processed during the production process in order to obtain the final product.

Hamule Ticker: It is a document used in railway logistics and does not have the property of a negotiable instrument, which is a receipt.

Damage: It is the damage caused to the product during logistics processes such as transportation, storage, handling, such as breaking, tearing, cracking, stretching, deterioration, which leads to loss of value in the product.

Air Bill of Lading: It is a transport bill prepared in non-negotiable form between the shipper or the company and the company that undertakes the airline logistics service. Dec.

I – I
IATA: It is an international organization that controls the recipes and authorizations of passenger and cargo transportation in international airline logistics.

IMCO Charge: It is the additional charge requested by the luminaire for the transportation of dangerous goods. October 19, 2019.

IMO Certificate: It is the document used for the transportation of flammable, explosive and chemical cargo.

Intermodal Transportation: It is the delivery of the goods to be transported to the final destination without any physical transactions and without opening the container / trailer in which it is located and using more than one transport model (Ro-Ro, highway, sea, railway).

Export: It is a commercial activity that occurs when goods are sent from the country where they are located to another country.

Replenishment: It is the transfer process carried out in the warehouse to ensure the availability of a product in the storage process, at different warehouse locations or in different types of packaging.

Dispatch note: It is an official and finance-approved goods delivery document that must be kept with it during the shipment of the goods from one place to another after the sale of the goods has been made.

Stacking: This is the case of stacking materials on top of each other by using the volume in a vertical direction in order to use limited areas efficiently. 

J
Jettison: In maritime logistics, if the ship in which the cargo is located is in danger, it is the process of removing the material on board from the ship if necessary.

K
K1: This is the authorization document that individuals or legal entities who will transport goods intercity by road with one or more own goods vehicles must obtain from the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications.

Cabotage: In maritime trade, a country gives the authority to carry out transportation within its own country only to carriers carrying its own flag. In addition, it can also be used in road logistics in the form of commercial vehicle drivers having the right to work in other countries.

Quality Control: It is the control of which product or service meets the specified quality conditions by rating and checking.

Capacity: It is the maximum amount of production that can be achieved according to the duration or different criteria under certain conditions.

Road Transport: It is the case that only the road route is used from the point of departure to the destination during the logistics process of a good or cargo.

Mixed Transportation: It is the case of using at least two different transportation systems together in the same logistics shipment.

Value Added Operations (VAS): Labeling, packaging, folding, heat measurement, transfer, mixing, joining, separation, palletizing, light assembly, return, disposal, adding user manuals, barcode operations, maintenance-repair operations, etc. applied to products waiting in the warehouse according to customer demand. it is the whole of the operations provided by labor.

Kingpin: This is the name given to the large pin that provides the connection between the tow truck and the semi-trailer.

Knocked Down: For a more economical loading, it is the disassembled loading of the load in question for reassembly, rather than as a whole.

Combined Transportation: It is a transportation system in which highway is used during the beginning and end stages of the logistics process of a cargo, and services such as sea, railway, canal-river road are used on long-distance routes that pass Decently.

Complete Transportation: In logistics service, it is the case that a transport vehicle or container is allocated to only one shipper.

Consignment Stock: It is the name given to the products paid for when they are started to be used, not when they are received.

Consolidation: In transportation, it is the process of combining small volume cargoes and converting them into large volume cargo batches in order to provide savings.

Bill of lading: It is a loading instruction on which all information belonging to the sender and recipient is included, as well as details such as the place and date of loading, the point at which the cargo will be delivered, the type, number, weight of the cargo, delivery method are specified in detail.

Container: One of the main equipment of the logistics sector, resistant to all weather conditions, especially preferred in combined transportation connected with sea transportation, easy to handle, allowing efficient use of space with the advantage of stacking on top of each other, preventing damage to cargo / goods are metal transport crates.

L
L2 Certificate: The type of authorization certificate that companies engaged in international road logistics activities must have in accordance with the Highway Transportation Law.

Logistics Management: It is the most efficient planning, supervision and implementation of the process that a product undergoes from the production stage to the final consumer.

Low-bed (Camel Neck Trailer): This is the name given to semi-trailer type vehicles used for transporting heavy construction machinery or special project loads that are defined as out of size and exceed the standards such as length, width, tonnage that normal trucks or trucks can carry.

M
Goods Acceptance: It is the process of accepting the product or material that enters the warehouse. The goods acceptance process begins with the unloading of the cargo from the vehicle in which it is transported and the special purchase of the goods reserved for acceptance, continues with the comparison of the physical appearance with the information specified in the registration, ends with the storage and registration of the goods.

Goods Acceptance Area: It is a special area allocated for the execution of acceptance operations of the product to be entered into the warehouse.

Manifesto: It is a document organized by the logistics service provider company and its agent and containing the summary details of the total cargo contained in the vehicle, mainly used at customs.

Maut: It is the highway usage tax levied on vehicles over 12 tons in Germany.

Certificate of Origin: It is a document indicating the origin of the goods in circulation in international trade, that is, the place where they were produced and therefore which country they belong to.

Inspection: It is the control of the products brought to the warehouse areas or customs under the supervision of third parties in charge, samples will be taken and analyzed if necessary.

Force Majeure: It is a provision that the parties to the signed contracts cannot be held responsible for situations that they could not foresee and that develop outside their control (natural disasters, war, etc.).

N
Freight: The fee paid to the shipping company for the transportation service in international trade by sea or river /canal transportation.

O – O
Ordino: It is the name given to the order or instruction issued in order to ensure that the goods contained on the bill of lading can be withdrawn part by part. An ordino is also an instruction given in exchange for a bill of lading to withdraw the goods from customs.

Dead Stock: It is the name given to the stock that has not been requested or consumed despite a long period of time.

Summary Declaration: It is a document indicating that the product to be imported or exported in international trade has arrived at customs.

P
Package: It is a container made of different materials that protects the products to be logistics from external factors and prevents them from Decoupling by keeping them together, facilitating operations such as transportation, marketing storage, distribution.

Packaging: The logistics of the product to be carried out is to be affected by external factors from the point of departure to the destination and to be enclosed in a protective container such as metal, plastic, wood in order to ensure its safe transportation.

Palletizing: This is the process of stacking the product on pallets so that it can be transported and stored.

Panelvan: Light commercial vehicles suitable for carrying cargo and goods with a 3-5 meter deep chassis.

Partial Transportation: It is the transportation of cargo belonging to different customers on the same logistics route by the same TRUCK.

Policy: It is a written agreement indicating that the insurance contract has been made and the mutual conditions of the contract (the rights and obligations of both parties).

Proforma: It is a preliminary invoice issued by the seller on behalf of the buyer and showing all kinds of details related to the agreement made.

R
Routing: It is the planning of which route a cargo will follow from the starting point to the point where it will be delivered and in which order the delivery will be made during the logistics process.

Trailer: It is the name given to a road transport vehicle specially manufactured according to the characteristics of the cargo it will carry, which has its own wheels and can stand parked on these wheels, which has a load-carrying function pulled by a tow vehicle.

Tugboats: They are motorized sea vehicles that help large ships to maneuver quickly and safely in port areas in maritime logistics or transportation.

R2 Certificate: It is the authorization document that the organizing companies operating in the field of international highway logistics must have in accordance with the Highway Transportation Law.

S – S
Fixed Storage Policy: It is the policy for each product to be stored in a special area reserved for it.

Fixed Price: It is a price that cannot be changed in any way.

Free Zone: It is the name given to the regions established near the international port or airport, which are outside all or some of the commercial and economic legal rules and legislation in force of that country, despite being located within the political borders of the country where it is located, and are also not included in the customs line.

Border Crossing: Indicates the borders of the country where export and/or import vehicles enter or exit the countries on the transit routes.
Insurance: This is a mutual agreement with an insurance agent in exchange for a certain premium to compensate for material damage that may occur in case of damage to the property as a result of foreseeable or unforeseen risks.

Salvage: It is the financial value that the insurance expert assigns to the damaged product.

Inventory: Product / material stored in the warehouse against requests that may occur at a later date.

Inventory Control: It is the case of making planning in such a way that product inventories are inspected regularly and do not cause inventory excess or deficiency, determining orders and requirements in accordance with established rules.

Supalan: It is a method used mainly in land and sea logistics, where product customs clearance takes place on the transport vehicle.

T
Supply Chain: It is a chain that forms the whole of all units, people, technological infrastructure involved in the movement of a product from the supplier to the end consumer and connects many people and companies.

Supplier: The name given to the company that provides goods and services.

Hazardous Materials: According to the literature, these are special materials that should be given special attention in the transportation and storage processes and are subject to strict rules due to the risk of damaging human health, living beings, the environment or other materials in the environment in which they are located.

Consolation: It is the process of receiving the goods by the company official from the authorized person who delivered the material.

U – U
International Transportation: It is any kind of logistics movement in which a good or product is transported from one country to another directly or in transit from one country to another; using any or more of the air, land, sea, railways.

Product Stock: It is called the amount of a product available in the warehouse.

V
Crane: These are vehicles that are used to lift heavy loads or transport them from one place to another.

Y
Cargo: It is the goods, products or goods transported.

Loading: A product or material by train, plane, truck, ship, etc. for shipment. it is the process of loading logistics vehicles safely.

Loading Area: Pallet where the loads are placed, platform, etc. it is the field.

Z
Harmful Substance: It is the general name given to substances that may pose a risk to health, safety and damage during storage and transportation.

Addendum: This is a document issued to indicate the changes that occurred during the period when the insurance policy was in force.